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The health systems in developing nations include the public health systems as well as a whole array of private health care providers. The public health systems, which are constitutionally mandated to protect and promote wellbeing of communities are increasingly rendered fragile, weak, fragmented and shrunk. Alongside, the burgeoning private health care system has set itself progressively on the path of commercialization and corporatization, resisting its accountability neither to the constitutional principles nor to patients. Meanwhile, the accountability to the health and wellbeing of citizens and communities has suffered a setback due to State's evasion of responsibility and the overpowering yet unaccountable presence of the non-state actors in health and health care policy and provisioning. The global and national actors from both the health and non-health sector actors who are operating in this field have contributed to making accountability chains more complex. Such accountability deficits and complexities are created in the upstream and global alignments of private and non-state actors that wield undue influence on global health governance.
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